Extraction and Isolation of Chemical Compounds from the Bark and Leaves of Phyllanthus Acidus

Yong, Sook Jeng (2018) Extraction and Isolation of Chemical Compounds from the Bark and Leaves of Phyllanthus Acidus. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Phyllanthus acidus comes from the family called Euphorbiaceae. It also can be called as Gooseberry and normally distributed at Brazil and Colombia and India. In this research, crude extracts were desired to be obtained from the bark and leaves of phyllanthus acidus by different organic solvents such as hexane, ethanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The characteristic of the crude extracts was investigated through phytochemical screening. The crude extracts were further isolated to obtain the chemical compounds and followed by characterization of isolated compounds. The extraction process was the first step in this research; extraction methods included ultrasonic-assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction. Then, phytochemical screening was carried out to test for alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, saponins, phenolic, and tannins. After the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) profiling, the potential fractions were chosen for further isolation and purificationby using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethanol crude of the bark and leaves were the highest yield among all the crudes. Other than that, the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins were indicated in the bark of phyllanthus acidus.The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins were indicated in the leaves of phyllanthus acidus. There were two chemical compounds which success isolated from the bark of phyllanthus acidus. There were compound A4 (Squalene) and compound B9 (Glochidon).