Smart Load Control for Maximum Power Demand Reduction

Lim, Adrian Cheng Teng (2019) Smart Load Control for Maximum Power Demand Reduction. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Electrical energy demand is increasing according to the rising of advanced technology and people living styles. Nowadays, people are living in the advanced condominium that consists of large amount of advanced facilities. Besides, ‘Industry 4.0’ era is causing most of the factory integrating the automatic production process that involved tremendous amount of machines operation and automation schemes. Furthermore, as the demand increases, production speed need to be increased to accommodate with the particular scenario. Thus, people are using higher hose power machine or motor such as three phase induction motor nowadays to carry out production works and starting up of a large horse power motor by using direct-on-line method produces high surge due to there are tremendous amount of current draw by the machine when starting up. The higher the motor rating, the high the surge current. Sometimes, the surge current caused can up to 1000A depend on the power rating of the particular motor. Obviously, the electrical demand increases tremendously due to those issues. Analysis regarding the high surge current produce by the DOL starting machine or motor is carried out by using Matlab Simulink and thus the solution is then designed according to the corresponding data collected from the analysis. Smart load control that uses electronic motor starter or drive is then proposed as the most efficient and economical method used as the solution to encounter the particular issue instead of other expensive power solutions such as energy storage, extra power generation, solar panel electrical power generation and so forth during the industry peak hours. By reducing the high current draw by the high rating machine, the electrical demand automatically reduces as well. The smart load control technique performs complex control strategies that involve the use of power electronic technology to reduce the power demand required. In this research comparison between star-delta motor starting method, thyristor based soft-starter that provide voltage-controlled technique uses phase control method and sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) three phase voltage source inverter (VSI) are modelled and analysed by using Matlab Simulink. Soft starter and VSI technique considered as the reduced voltage starting technique. The simulation result shows that SPWM three phase voltage source inverter provide the best result compared to another two methods. For starting of a 5.4 HP (4 kW) asynchronous machine, star-delta starting method brings down the starting current from 82A to 54.22A, for thyristor based soft starter starting method, the starting current is 67.6A and for IGBT based three phase VSI starting method, the starting current is 45.02A. For large rating ac motor like 50 HP (37 kW), the effect will be more significant. VSI is able to mitigate 85.16% of the high inrush current generated by the load which from 996.9A to 147.9A.