In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Var Bentong, Var Thailand (Bentong Ginger and Thai Ginger) and Alpinia Officinarum (Lesser Galangal) Against Skin-Related Pathogens

Sea, Qiao Han (2019) In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Var Bentong, Var Thailand (Bentong Ginger and Thai Ginger) and Alpinia Officinarum (Lesser Galangal) Against Skin-Related Pathogens. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Gingers rhizome has high potential to act as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and antimicrobial agent due to presence of the bioactive components such as alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins. The aim of this study is to determine the constituents present and antibacterial properties of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Alpinia officinarum extract to skin pathogens via in vitro tests. In this study, the occurrence of secondary metabolites showed positive result via phytochemical analysis among the three varieties of freeze-dried ginger, extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone and distilled water via maceration. Organic solvents such as methanol extracted 16.4689% and 28.7710% yield in Bentong and Thailand ginger respectively, and ethanol extracted 63.2850% yield in lesser galangal, tend to express high percentage yield of extraction compared to distilled water (3.2795% in Bentong ginger; 14.0733% in Thailand ginger; 14.3563% in lesser galangal). Furthermore, the in vitro susceptibility test included Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test using ginger extracts was tested on skin pathogen such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Proteus vulgaris. Overall, distilled water showed no antibacterial properties in disc diffusion assay whereas B. cereus was the most susceptible bacteria by Bentong ginger ethanolic extract (13.0±0.9 mm) due to simple cell wall composition than gram-negative bacteria. Among three varieties, Thailand ginger was more effective in inhibiting and preventing proliferation of gram-negative bacteria (MIC ranged from 0.63-1.25 mg/mL and MBC ranged from 0.63-5.00 mg/mL) whereas lesser galangal was more effective against gram-positive bacteria (MIC ranged from 0.02-2.50 mg/mL and MBC ranged from 0.04-5.00 mg/mL).