Assessment of Genetic Diversity among 8 Cultivars of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (Rapd)

Yap, Hui Yee (2019) Assessment of Genetic Diversity among 8 Cultivars of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (Rapd). Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (also known as ginger) is an economically important perennial plant which have medicinal properties. There are different cultivars of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in Malaysia. Bentong Ginger is one of the gingers cultivated in Malaysia which is more pungent, spicier and pricier than other ordinary gingers. However, there is no scientifically published that cultivars of gingers in Malaysia are different. Thus, RAPD technique is applied to study the polymorphism at DNA level of ginger cultivars in Malaysia. The present genetic variation study was undertaken for the assessment of 8 cultivars of Zingiber officinale Roscoe collected in Malaysia by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Two different cultivars of ornamental ginger were used as control in this study. There were twelve out of twenty-four primers screened were informative. The RAPD analysis of 21 samples of ginger yielded 76 amplification products. It was observed that there were 48 amplified products were found to be polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments with RAPD primers ranged from 3 to 11. It was found that genetic variation occurred not only between different cultivars of ginger but also among the same cultivars of ginger. In this study, primer OPA 7 was found to be a potential RAPD marker for identification of Bentong ginger. Primer OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 7, OPA 8 and OPA 10 showed that the lowest similarities are between Bentong Ginger and Bara Ginger. Feng ginger was found to have lowest similarities to all other cultivars of gingers by using primer OPA 19. Hence, primer OPA 19 has the potential to be used for identification of Feng Ginger among other gingers. All of the 76 amplified fragments were used to generate Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA through UVIband software. Results obtained showed that Feng Ginger is genetically distinct as compared to the other cultivars of ginger. Apart from that, Bara Ginger and Bentong Ginger were showed to be genetically distinct from each other. This investigation has showed that RAPD markers is a useful technique that could be used for analysis of genetic variation.