Association of Macronutrients and Whole Grain Intake among Schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur

Ang, Yen Lee (2019) Association of Macronutrients and Whole Grain Intake among Schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Whole grain consists of various nutrients and it is associated with various health benefits as well. This study is aimed to identify the association between macronutrients and whole grain intake among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. In this cross sectional study, a total of 392 schoolchildren, aged 10-11 years were randomly selected from primary school in Kuala Lumpur. Information on socio-demographics and dietary intake of schoolchildren were obtained. Overall, the mean daily whole grain intakes for male schoolchildren is 4.92g/day and for female schoolchildren is 5.35g/day, none of the schoolchildren reached the Malaysian whole grain recommendation of minimum 2 whole grain servings per day which is equivalanet to 43g/day. The carbohydrate intake among schoolchildren is 45.9-47% of Total Energy Intake (TEI) which does not achieve the RNI of Malaysia which is 50-65% of TEI. The protein intake for schoolchildren is 73.64g/day-76.65g/day, which already achieved RNI of Malaysia which is 30g/day-31g/day. The fat intake for schoolchildren is 82.39g/day-83.07g/day, it is higher than RNI of Malaysia which is 48-75g/day. The conclusion of this study is there is significant association between macronutrients and whole grain intake among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Besides that, carbohydrate and intake level shown association with whole grain intake (r = 0.321; p < 0.001).