Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bio-Waste

Chuah, Yong Yew (2020) Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bio-Waste. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an advanced bio-ceramic that have attracted wide interest and growing in demand because of its high similarity to porous human bone structure. It consists of the primary constituents (calcium and phosphorus) needed in the human bones that are suitable for biomedical applications. The aim of this project is to determine the effect of calcination on CaO derived from eggshell and how was the effect at sintering process. This project used calcination and emulsion method to synthesis hydroxyapatite. The eggshell was calcined in 3 hours and 6 hours to evaluate the effect on sintering process. The hydroxyapatite was sintered at 1250℃ to form pallets. The synthesized HA will undergo SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and bulk density test to determine the characteristic and mechanical properties of synthesized HA. The synthesized HA can be categorised into 2 type which is 3 hours calcined CaO and 6 hours calcined CaO. Both type of HAs showed the same characteristic peaks and bands in the FTIR spectrum. Besides that, SEM was also being conducted to indicate the morphology of the microstructure. The atomic ratio between Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) was determined through EDX since HA have Ca/P ratio 1.67. Moreover, 64% and 71% of average relative density was obtained through bulk density calculation. This study has provided some insight of an economical, eco-friendly and rapid production of HA that exhibited properties which were close to or within the stoichiometric range for theoretical HA.