Bone Health and Its Relationship with Social Demographic among Schoolchildren Aged 9 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Wong, Michelle Su Teng (2020) Bone Health and Its Relationship with Social Demographic among Schoolchildren Aged 9 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Both childhood and adolescence phases are the crucial stages in a human life cycle to achieve a peak bone mass in order to prevent osteoporosis (OP) in later stages in life. On the part of attaining peak bone mass, factors which affecting are amount of bone mineral accumulated, physical activities, macronutrient and micronutrient and social demographic factors. Yet a lot of the researches are limited for schoolchildren of Malaysia as there are lack of questionnaire about the social demographic factors affecting bone health. Although there are researches available in other Asian countries as well as other Western countries but the environment factors, dietary habits or culture might cause slight differences to the result on children from Malaysia. Therefore, this study is carried out to evaluate associations between bone health and social demographic among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Therefore, a study is designed for a total of 420 schoolchildren that aged from 9 to 12 years old from 3 different primary school out of 298 national primary schools in Kuala Lumpur area. The data collected through a series of questions in a designed questionnaire with the details including age, gender, ethnicity, number of siblings and were analyzed by Mann-Whitey U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test, and Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient. Through the analysis, it results that there is associations between bone density with age (r = 0.001, p-value < 0.05. R-value = 0.164) and bone density with number of siblings (r = 0.022, p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, it is also stated that no association between bone density and sex (r = 0.231, p-value > 0.05) and bone density with ethnicity (r = 0.149, p-value > 0.05). In a nutshell, different age and category of siblings will affect the BMD of a schoolchildren, while other factors like sex, number of siblings and ethnicity will not significantly affect the BMD of schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.