In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Strobilanthes Crispus and Clinacanthus Nutans on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Causing Bacteria

Chow, Yoke Chan (2018) In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Strobilanthes Crispus and Clinacanthus Nutans on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Causing Bacteria. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

The persistence of UTI-causing bacteria in inhabiting the urinary tract prompts further studies into seeking an alternative treatment through the use of medicinal plants. The two plants used in the study, Strobilanthes crispus and Clinicanthus nutans, are medicinal plants widely used in traditional herbal medicine. The research aims to test for the antimicrobial properties found in the bioactive compounds of the two plants on inhibiting the growth of six common UTI-causing bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Three different phytochemical extraction methods were used (maceration, soxhlet and sonication methods) in this research with 80% methanol as the solvent system. Antimicrobial activities of each extract were tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method at extract concentrations of 200mg/ml, 150mg/ml, and 100mg/ml on bacteria lawns. Bacteria that showed visible zones of inhibitions were then subjected to determination of MIC by microdilution. Results indicated that zones of inhibition (4.2mm, 2.2mm, 1.3mm) were present on S. aureus when S. crispus extract obtained through maceration was used, whereas the S. crispus extracts obtained through sonication and soxhlet showed no inhibition of microbial growth on all bacteria. Meanwhile all C. nutans extracts demonstrated no successful growth inhibition on all bacteria. By microdilution method, the MIC of macerated S. crispus of S. aureus was found to be 37.5mg/ml. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed on all S. crispus extracts to assess the types of phytochemical present. For S. crispus extracts obtained through soxhlet and sonication, both extracts contained presences of tannin, saponin, flavonoids, steroids and phenols. Whereas for the S. crispus extract obtained through maceration, only presence of tannin, steroids and phenols was detected.As a conclusion, S. crispus extract obtained through maceration could be further developed as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus.