The Identification of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors from Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat. by Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Yoong, Xue Zhen (2018) The Identification of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors from Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat. by Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Gout is one of the forms of arthritis disease that occurs due to excess uric acid in the body. A flavoprotein enzyme called xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzing hypoxanthine to xanthine then to its final product uric acid, which is excreted by kidney. Allopurinol, an effective anti-hyperuricemic agent has limited clinical usage due to its adverse reactions. Therefore, it is very urgent to search for better phytochemicals, which possess ability as an anti-hyperuricemic agent with higher therapeutic activity and lesser side effects. In the present study, hydromethanolic extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium was evaluated for its in vitro XO inhibitory potential and the XO inhibitors were identified by using nuclear magnetic resonance. The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction contained the highest XO inhibitory activities of 46.43% ± 29.59. The EA fraction was then subjected to bioassay guided repeated fractionation in order to isolate the bioactive compounds for identification. The sub-fraction with the highest inhibitory activities (59.18% ± 15.54) was fractionated and analyzed by using NMR. Three compounds have been identified from the NMR analysis by spectral matching namely, Rutin, chlorogenic acid, sphingosine and homovanillic acid. Further studies to confirm the bioactive compounds through structure elucidation by using 2 Dimentional NMR is recommended.