Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Kalanchoe Pinnata and Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana Leaves

Mohd Ali, Nurul Asyiqin (2020) Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Kalanchoe Pinnata and Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana Leaves. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana are example of plants from the family of Crassulaceae. These plants are said to have high potential in healing the skin infections and gastrointestinal diseases. Although the antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of these plants are well studied, the effect of different drying method on the antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis have yet been discovered. In this study, the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were subjected to freeze dry and air dry method and was extracted with 95% of ethanol. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to test the presence of secondary metabolites in the plant extract. The total phenolic test (TPC) and total flavonoid test (TFC) was also conducted in this study and freeze dried leaves of both plants have high amount of TPC and TFC compared to the air dried leaves. The freeze dried leaves of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana possessed the highest phenolic value (882.30± 5.18 mg/g) and flavonoid value of (801.34±5.05 mg/g). In this study, four types of bacteria were selected namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The zone of inhibition was observed in air dried of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana against S. aureus (7.1±0.1mm), B. subtilis (7.0±0.1mm) at 50 mg/ml and (8.5±0.5 mm) in S. aureus and(8.3±0.6 mm) in B. subtilis at 100 mg/ml. For the freeze dried extract of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, the zone of inhibition was observed (7.3±0.1mm) against S. aureus and (7.2±0.0 mm) against B. subtilis at 50 mg/ml while in 100 mg/ml the zone was observed in S. aureus (9.1±0.1mm) and in B. subtilis (8.7±0.4 mm).There was no zone of inhibition observed from the extract Kalanchoe pinnata in all the tested concentration. However, it can be concluded that both air dried and freeze dried extract of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana possessed the antimicrobial properties in this study.