Literature Review-Based Research Association between Sarcopenia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Lim, Li Yi (2020) Literature Review-Based Research Association between Sarcopenia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Sarcopenia is a muscle disease related to loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function with age is associated with adverse individual physical and metabolic changes. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transition stage between the cognitive changes of normal aging and dementia. Sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment are the most common conditions happened in aging population. However, the correlation between sarcopenia and MCI in older people remain uncertain despite a lot of research have been done to determine the association between these 2 conditions. Hence, the objective of this review is to investigate the association between sarcopenia and MCI in older adults. Studies relevant to this review will be searched from reliable electronic databases including Pud Med, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science direct, Spring linker and Scopus using relevant keywords and search terms from 2000 to 2020. Screening for relevance studies on title then abstract then full text article to remove studies that are not related to this review. Data extracted from each studies including authors and year, sources searched, study design, objectives, country, participants’ characteristics, definition of sarcopenia, measurements and summary of results. In addition, the number of participants with and without sarcopenia, and the number of participants with and without MCI within the former group (sarcopenia versus non-sarcopenia) were extracted from the studies. Of the 154 potentially relevant articles searched for this review, 6 cross-sectional studies were included. Mean prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.45%. 420/933 participants having both sarcopenia and MCI (45.0%), compared with 1303/6037 participants with MCI without sarcopenia (21.6%). The pooled odds ratio of the studies is 2.26 with a 95% confidence interval between 1.46 and 3.52. The findings showed that MCI was significantly associated with sarcopenia. Heterogeneity across the studies was high and significant (I2 = 76%). Thus, sarcopenic older adults will have a higher prevalence to have MCI compared with non-sarcopenic older adults. Risk factors in the association between sarcopenia and MCI in older adults are depression, malnutrition, high oxidative stress, high inflammatory markers, low steroid levels and physical inactive. Interventions must first be focused on reversing these causes.