A Review on Nut and Legume Waste : Bioactive Compounds and Extraction Methods

Wong, Shai Hong (2020) A Review on Nut and Legume Waste : Bioactive Compounds and Extraction Methods. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Nuts and legumes are one of the most utilized commodities among all agricultural crops. Nuts and legumes are consumed raw or processed and they contain compounds of high nutritive values. With the increasing population and dietary changes towards healthy living, production and processing of nuts and legumes have increased significantly in order to meet the global demand. The significant losses and waste in the processing industry are triggering serious environmental and nutritional problems. The objective of this project is to review the types of biological active compounds found in nut and legume waste such as pod wall, shell, hulls and husk; and to evaluate the various methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Different conventional, non-conventional and combined extraction techniques were evaluated in term of their advantages, limitation and suitability for extraction of bioactive components from nut and legume waste. High levels of dietary fibre, fermented products and health beneficial phytochemicals recovered from nut and legume by-products have potential implication for functional food product development and pharmaceutical industry. In conclusion, conventional techniques generally require large amounts of organic solvents, high energy expenditure, and are time consuming, while new extraction technologies reduce extraction time and with higher efficacy and high yield of desired bioactive compounds.