Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sodium Alginate and Its Potential Application as Paper-Based Colorimetric Device for the Determination of Chloride and Chlorine: a Review

Kon, Yee Ming (2021) Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sodium Alginate and Its Potential Application as Paper-Based Colorimetric Device for the Determination of Chloride and Chlorine: a Review. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Metal nanoparticles (NPs), especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), due to their availability, affordability and the plasmons-enabled unique size-and-shape-dependent optical properties, have been widely used as an ideal chromogenic agent essential for colorimetric sensors used in detecting environmental harmful target analytes for example chlorine and chloride. The colorimetric application of Ag NPs used for analytes detection is highly related to the methods of synthesis due to the size and shape dependent properties of nanoscale Ag. Therefore, the methods used to synthesize Ag NPs were reviewed and summarized as part of this study. Several parameters, specifically particles size, shape, size distribution, chemical compositions and stability of Ag NPs were found to influence the efficacy of Ag NPs used in a sensor, thus it is important to characterize the prepared Ag NPs adequately. Techniques inclusive of ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis which are commonly employed to characterize Ag NPs, were reviewed as an integral part of this thesis. A new nanoparticles-based technology, namely “paper-based analytical device (PAD)”, which has been evolving towards the important directions of chloride and chlorine detection, due to its simple fabrication, low-cost, portability and disposability, was also reviewed. Papers allow efficient liquid transport which in turns facilitates surface functionalization with NPs to produce nanoparticlefunctionalized- PAD as a sensing platform. Work pertaining to the detection of chloride and chlorine using Ag NPs-functionalized-PAD was extracted from recent literature reports and the fundamental sensing mechanisms were summarized and discussed in details. The future perspectives for Ag NPs and PAD stemming from this extensive review were discoursed with recommendations provided in the hope of closing the current knowledge/technology gap found in the field of Ag NPs and PAD.