Determination of Heavy Metals in Cosmetics by Capillary Electrophoresis and Highperformance Liquid Chromatography

Liew, Weng Yi (2021) Determination of Heavy Metals in Cosmetics by Capillary Electrophoresis and Highperformance Liquid Chromatography. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

The main objective of this literature review is to review the analysis of heavy metals in cosmetics by Capillary Electrophoresis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Until today, various types of heavy metal could be found in cosmetics either caused by contamination or as formulation ingredient. In this study, the common types of heavy metal that are found in cosmetics have been discussed in terms of the derivative constituent, permissible limit of various agency as well as adverse effect to human body. The heavy metal pre-concentration techniques that could employed in CE and HPLC with relatively high detection sensitivity and sufficient resolution in result have been reviewed from the existing literatures. It was found that sweeping via dynamic chelation in CE and ‘cascade’ preconcentration with the combination of SPE and OSC method in HPLC were well-established and reliably reported in qualitative and quantitative analysis of heavy metal in cosmetics. Further, the parameters that could affect the determination result of heavy metal such as analysis condition, choice of chelating or complexion agent, pH and effect of solvent (volume, composition, pH) were discussed as well by interpreting respective electropherogram in CE and chromatogram in HPLC as well as certain related graphs and data. In addition to that, it was found that their method performance were different in aspect of analysis time, injection volume, separation technique and solvents used. By comparing CE and HPLC method, CE method tend to have shorter analysis time, smaller sample injection volume, and considered as a green alternative separation technique. Lastly, the future perspective and some improvement regarding analyte enrichment method and method performance of CE and HPLC in analysis of heavy metal were suggested and discussed.