Evaluation of Phytochemical Components Present in Carica Papaya Leaves Extract (PLE) and Anticancer Activity of PLE

Wong, Weng Xi (2021) Evaluation of Phytochemical Components Present in Carica Papaya Leaves Extract (PLE) and Anticancer Activity of PLE. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. This could be due to people with unhealthy lifestyles as well as people with certain hereditary cancer syndromes or a family history of colorectal cancer. The high economic burden of colorectal cancer treatment also leads to the increase in the mortality rate. Thus, there is a growing interest to use natural products as an alternative or an adjunct strategy to treat and prevent diseases. The natural products, like Carica papaya (CP) that belongs to the family Caricaceae and is well known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties worldwide. Thus, this project aims to evaluate the phytochemical components present in Carica papaya leaves extract (PLE) on anti-colorectal cancer. In the present study, the phytochemical composition that is present in CP leaves was reviewed, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolics, terpenes, steroids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. The most common extraction methods used to produce PLE are aqueous, ethanol, methanol, n-hexane and acetone. Moreover, PLE exhibited maximum inhibition of the colorectal carcinoma cell (HCT-116), among different parts of CP plant extracts. Besides, aqueous PLE showed concentration-dependent anticancer effect on both solid tumor and hematopoietic cell lines, which was determined by MTT assay, thymidine incorporation assay, as well as FITC Annexin V Staining method. Furthermore, the result also revealed that one of the pathways involved in PLE for cancer cells proliferation inhibition is cell death induction, such as apoptosis.