Investigating the Effect of Piperine-Free Piper Nigrum Extract on Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Yap, Chai Yi (2021) Investigating the Effect of Piperine-Free Piper Nigrum Extract on Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Piper nigrum is widely used as a folk medicine including usage for pain relief, fevers, as well as an anti-cancer agent. However, the crude extract of piperine free P. nigrum (PFPE) and its mechanisms are not extensively studied. This project aims to investigate the effect of PFPE on breast cancer cell. (-)-kusunokinin and piperlongumine were determined as the bioactive compounds that most probably contributed to the anticancer effect of PFPE by using MTT assay due to the similar anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines as PFPE by reviewing the available peer-reviewed scholarly publication (Sriwiriyajan et al., 2017; Tedasen et al., 2020a) . The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect of PFPE on breast cancer cell lines were proved mainly by using the data of MTT assay, Western Blot and Flow cytometry analysis. PFPE was showed to inhibit the growth of luminal-like breast cancer cells more than the basal-like breast cancer cells by induction of apoptosis. PFPE induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) by increasing MDA-level related to ROS generation and regulating topo II, p53 and cyt C level. PFPE prevent cell proliferate and induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase through down-regulation of topoisomerase II and up-regulation of p53 and p21 protein level. In conclusion, PFPE has great potential to be further developed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against luminal-like breast cancer.