A Study on the Benefits of Phytochemical Compounds of Mango Parts

Krishnan, Dixshetha (2021) A Study on the Benefits of Phytochemical Compounds of Mango Parts. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

A bioactive compound is a substance that has an organic activity, associated with its capability to modulate metabolic processes, with consequences in the promotion of better health conditions. This research aims to extract the bioactive compounds from mango seed kernel, peel, pulp, and leaves and determine their total phenolics contents (TPC) followed by their health-benefiting abilities such as their antioxidant, antibacterial, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic abilities. The bioactive compounds of mango seed kernel, peel, pulp and leaves were extracted with methanol solvent followed by the use of rotary evaporator, centrifugation, and Soxhlet method. The mango peel extract was shown to have the highest percentage of yield (48.08%) using the centrifugation method. Next, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the TPC. It is found that the mango seed kernel exhibited the highest (5297.1±0.00 mgGAE/g) TPC which is followed by mango peel (1121.43±1.98 mgGAE/g), the pulp (74.41±3.00 mgGAE/g), and leaves (65.72±0.23 mgGAE/g). A DPPH and ABTS assays were performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the mango’s part extracts. The mango peel extract was found to have the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity in ABTS (99.62%) and DPPH (96.18%) assay compared to other mango part extracts. A disk diffusion assay was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of mango extracts against the microbial strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ( E.coli). The highest zone of inhibition against E.coli was by mango seed kernel extract which is 18 mm whereas the highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus is also by mango seed kernel extract which is 19 mm. Besides that, to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of mango parts extracts an in vivo study was performed using cholesterol-induced hyperlipidaemia rats. The high cholesterol diet treated with mango seed kernel has the highest antihyperlipidemic activity with a high HDL-C value (58.33 mmol/L) and low LDL-C value (70.06 mmol/L) which is then followed by high cholesterol diet treated with mango peel. Lastly, an α-amylase and the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was conducted to investigate the antidiabetic activity of mango’s part extract. The mango seed kernel had the highest inhibitory activity in α-amylase inhibition (9.83±0.28 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (1.55±0.10 mg/mL) among the other mango part extracts. This concludes that mango’s parts all have remarkable therapeutic abilities that can help prevent diseases specifically mango seed kernel. This is all attributed to their bioactive compounds.