Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F) Wall. Ex Nees. Against Urinary Tract (UTI) Causing Bacteria

Lim, Yen Jia (2022) Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Andrographis Paniculata (BURM.F) Wall. Ex Nees. Against Urinary Tract (UTI) Causing Bacteria. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTIs) can be considered as a severe infection among all age group and has become a more grievous public health problem worldwide. Antibiotic therapy is commonly require in the treatment of UTIs and can lead to the selection of antibiotic-resistance bacteria strains. UTIs is commonly caused by a wide range of pathogens, predominantly by Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris. To alleviate the increasing of antibiotic resistance bacteria, medicinal plants such as Andrographis paniculata or Kalmegh is considered as one of the antibacterial agents. Hence, the objectives of this review study were aimed to evaluate the potential of aqueous and methanol extracts of A.paniculata in inhibitory activity against UTI causing pathogens and presence of phytochemicals which contributed for their antimicrobial activity. All the information in this study was obtained from various electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMED etc were explored. The study result revealed that bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins in aqueous and methanol extracts might contribute to the antibacterial properties of A.paniculata. Aqueous and methanol extracts of A.paniculata has antibacterial activity against UTIs causing bacteria. The methanol extracts could be a better extraction method of A.paniculata as more phytochemicals components and higher antibacterial activity was observed in most of the reviewed studies. The plant might be a great antibacterial agent in fighting against UTIs.