The Protective Efficiency of Polysaccharides on Probiotic Microencapsulation: a Narrative Review

Chan, Ee Lin (2022) The Protective Efficiency of Polysaccharides on Probiotic Microencapsulation: a Narrative Review. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Probiotics are microorganisms that grow in our intestines and have a favourable impact on our health. Unfortunately, probiotic bacteria are susceptible to circumstances such as gastrointestinal conditions. Polysaccharide hydrocolloid can act as a physical barrier between encapsulated probiotic bacteria and the hazardous milieu in order to retain the cell survival rate. Additionally, coating materials assure probiotic bacteria in a survival state not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also during processing induced by heat treatment and storage at various temperatures. Alginate, κ-carrageenan, xanthan, and chitosan are the polysaccharide coating materials that are mainly studied in this review in order to investigate their protective efficiency against adverse conditions encountered probiotic microcapsules during gastrointestinal transit of. On the other hand, the increasing interest in the exploitation of mucilages for probiotic microencapsulation has driven intense research. Mucilages are newly discovered exopolysaccharide, which possessing characteristic functional and health benefits due to their distinct physicochemical and structural diversity. Probiotic microencapsulation is an appealing method for improving the stability of targeted compounds, which will also benefit delivery properties. Therefore, the complex matrix obtained from combination of polysaccharides would discussed as well to determine the efficiency of probiotic delivery systems as comparison to single coated beads. Additionally, mucilages derived from Allyssum homolocarpum seed, basil seed, flaxseed, fenugreek seed, psyllium seed and quince seed were highlighted as potential novel encapsulating agents. According to the review findings, alginate is the most prevalent coating material used to entrap probiotics, due to its characteristics and application conditions. Meanwhile, microcapsules generated from a combination of two polysaccharides were found to have better resistance to tested conditions than those developed from only a single polysaccharide. Importantly, seed mucilages show their potential as encapsulation agents due to their notable ability to form a thick structural network after hydrating. However, the encapsulation efficiency of mucilage in terms of enhancing the survivability of probiotics was found to improve with the inclusion of additional polymers.