Extraction of Biological Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

Tan, Hui En (2022) Extraction of Biological Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

By achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) in finding sustainable materials for bone regeneration, biological source like the unwanted human teeth have been of interest to be synthesized as they are very stable in biological environment and low production cost. In this study, human teeth act as the major biological source for hydroxyapatite (HA) derivation. HA was successfully synthesized from human teeth via the solid-state method and followed by 1 hour ball milling to reduce the particle size. HA was also synthesized by the combination of chemicals precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis at 180℃ for 24 hours to compare the differences between these two synthesis techniques. The influence of alumina reinforcing agent in producing HA-alumina composite was investigated, while the influence of processing sintering temperature on the properties of HA and HA-alumina composite were also identified. The processing parameters on temperature i.e., 1000℃, 1200℃, 1250℃ and 1400℃ and addition of alumina reinforcing agent i.e., 5wt%, 10wt% and 15wt% (solid-state); 0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5M (hydrothermal) were evaluated in this study. Their properties such as hardness, surface morphology, particular functional groups and the phase composition were determined and characterized by the means of respective techniques including Vickers microhardness, scanning electronic microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Optimal hardness (272.5 – 355.6 HV), relative density (86.86 - 92.63%) and percentage of shrinkage (24.3%) were obtained at the highest sintering temperature with minimum alumina content. Meanwhile, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) of the samples showed a minor increase in the mechanical properties. The developed HA-alumina composites exhibited the characteristic peaks of HA and alumina in XRD and FTIR patterns. This study facilitated the formation of biocompatible HA-alumina composite for wide range of biomedical applications