Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Animal Bio-Waste for Biomedical Application

Woon, Shu Yun (2022) Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Animal Bio-Waste for Biomedical Application. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

This project had utilised the combination method of calcination and chemical precipitation for synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic from bio-waste meat crab shell (MCS) and different types of slipper lobster shell (SLS) which include boiled SLS, fried SLS, and baked SLS. Varied sintering temperatures include 1200°C, 1250°C, 1300°C, and 1350°C were used for each samples. Mechanical properties of all the sintered HA samples were determined via bulk density and Vickers hardness test whereas chemical composition of each synthesised HA samples were characterised via Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR). In addition, sintered boiled SLS and MCS were chosen to characterise the morphology and chemical composition of each sintered HA samples by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy DispersiveX-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), andX-Ray Diffraction (XRD). As a result, all samples sintered at 1200°C shown better bulk density and Vickers hardness value especially boiled SLS and calcium phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio that is more closely associated to pure HA especially MCS. The FTIR results for each synthesised HA powders shown the presence of the