A Review on Biogenic Amine and the Current Analytical Approaches for Biogenic Amine in Foods with Optimized Extraction and Derivatization Methods

Ng, Xue Qi (2022) A Review on Biogenic Amine and the Current Analytical Approaches for Biogenic Amine in Foods with Optimized Extraction and Derivatization Methods. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Biogenic amines are compounds that naturally occur and commonly found in various foods which perform physiological function in the human body including brain function development, cognitive and homeostasis control as well as emotional control. However, overconsumption of biogenic amines might exhibit toxic responses to humans ranging from mild (nausea, headache and dizziness) to severe (death). The formation of biogenic amines are mainly through the decarboxylation process of microbial activities triggered by the free amino acid precursors and enzyme decarboxylases. Owing to their active microbial control in various foods, the accumulation of biogenic amine was indicated as the chemical index of the control of food freshness and the hygiene quality. This report illustrated the details of the development of current analytical methods for biogenic amines determination are becoming increasingly advanced in terms of creating the greener, simple and sensitive approaches. Different types of greener extraction methods including liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and their extended studies had been widely introduced into the biogenic amine testing procedure. On the other hand, recent approaches related to derivatization on the sample had contributed in creating the high accuracy and sensitivity separation of biogenic amines that have high polarity and lack of chromophore. The most used derivatizing agents are Dansyl chloride, Benzoyl chloride, O-phthalaldehyde and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride are mainly used for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis while isobutyl chloroformate is used for Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis. Several regulations have been published such as irradiation, high hydrostatic pressure, additives and starter culture control to increase the awareness of biogenic amine safety issues