Isolation and Characterization of Collagen Extracted from Channa Striatus (Ikan Haruan) Fish Skin and Chicken Feet

Phang, Faith Shen Cher (2022) Isolation and Characterization of Collagen Extracted from Channa Striatus (Ikan Haruan) Fish Skin and Chicken Feet. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Nowadays, due to the increase of worldwide protein consumption, a substantial number of by-products are produced by different industries. Conversion of by-products to value-added products such as feedstocks, fertilizers or applications in the medical field are few efficient ways to deal with economic pressure and environmental pressure. By-products such as skin, scales, viscera and fins are generated from fish processing industries every year. Chicken slaughterhouses also created large amounts of chicken feet that are not being eaten, especially in the western countries. In this project, collagen was extracted from Channa striatus fish skin and chicken feet to increase added value to the by-products. However, there are limited studies that compare the type of collagen and amino acid profile extracted from Channa striatus fish skin and chicken feet. Thus, this project aims to investigate the feasibility of the extraction method to extract good yield of collagen and compare them by characterizing and examining the type of collagen extracted. Pre-treatment of Channa striatus fish skin and chicken feet were done with various solutions such as 0.1M NaOH, butyl alcohol or ethanol for the defatting process and removing non-collagenous protein materials with 0.5M acetic acid that contain pepsin. Both samples were then centrifuged at 9000rpm for 60 minutes at 4 °C and the supernatants were then salted out with NaCl. The collagen pellets were dialyzed and lyophilized. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to characterize the collagen isolated from both sources. Amino analysis will be done on the collagen extracted. In functional group analysis, results showed that both pepsin soluble collagens consist of functional groups amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II and amide III. Referring to the results in SDS-PAGE, both collagens have α1 band (100-150kDa), α2 band (100-150kDa) and β band (200-250 kDa). These results suggest that the collagens isolated from Channa striatus fish skin and chicken feet were type I collagen. Both collagen sources were composed of almost the whole complete set of amino acids and high percentage of glycine and proline. Hydroxyproline is also found in the isolated collagen