In Vitro Antagonism Activity of EM1 Filtrate and Microbes Isolated from Oil Palm Soil Against Ganoderma Boninense (Basal Stem Rot)

Khau, Wen Jian (2022) In Vitro Antagonism Activity of EM1 Filtrate and Microbes Isolated from Oil Palm Soil Against Ganoderma Boninense (Basal Stem Rot). Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Elaeis guineensis or commonly known as oil palm, is one of Malaysia's most important plantation crops and a key source of oil for human use. However, Malaysia's palm oil industries are currently facing one of the most serious diseases, the basal stem rot (BSR) caused by basidiomycete fungus Ganoderma boninense. To date, there are no effective ways to control G. boninense. The first objectives in this project are to explore out the potential of EM1 filtrate against G. boninense. The second objective are to find out the potential biocontrol agents from oil palm soil such as bacteria mainly Bacillus spp. and fungi toward G. boninense. The EM1 filtrate was obtained by EM1 solution passing through 0.45 μm cellulose membrane. Then, culture filtrate test was conducted between EM1 filtrate against G. boninense and the inhibition rate of 29.85% was found when 20% EM1 filtrate was used. Furthermore, there are total 7 bacteria and 4 fungi were isolated from oil palm soil were used to perform dual culture test against G. boninense. Out of 7 isolated bacteria, 5 isolates of bacteria were Gram positive with the presence of endospore, one isolate bacteria shows Gram positive with the presence of endospore and another the remaining one isolate bacteria shows Gram negative. The 5 isolates bacteria were Gram positive with endospores were suspected to be Bacillus spp. Among all the bacteria isolates, B03 and B07 bacteria were found to give a higher inhibition rate (more than 70%) against G. boninense. Then, both B03 and B07 bacteria were sent out for sanger sequencing and the identity was identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sp. Next, for fungi, F03 shows the highest inhibition rate against G. boninense, which was 45.45± 3.48%. All fungi isolated in this experiment were tentatively identified to be Penicillium spp. based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. In conclusion, EM1 filtrate, Bacillus spp. and Penicillium spp. have shown inhibition to suppress the growth of G. boninense but the highest inhibition rate was contributed by Bacillus spp