A Review on the Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Endurance Sports Performers: Performance, Body composition, Strength and Endurance

Koh, Ivan Wei Xian (2022) A Review on the Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Endurance Sports Performers: Performance, Body composition, Strength and Endurance. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Endurance sport performers tend to adapt themselves into ketogenic diet that has widely gained its popularity lately. Hence, proper understanding about the effects of ketogenic diet is very crucial as there is no totally agreement on their effectiveness towards human body as of yet. The objectives of this review are; to identify the effects of ketogenic diet on strength, body composition, endurance and overall performance of endurance sport performers; to determine the appropriate implementation period of ketogenic diet to endurance sports performers and; to identify the adaptation of ketogenic diet by endurance sports performers. This review used a scoping review that followed the methodology by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) The methodology included with five stages: (1) identifying of the research question; (2) literature research to the relevant studies; (3) evaluation and selection of sources to be used; (4) study categorization; (5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results. There are 11 articles included after screening of 201 titles and abstracts. Most of the studies are randomised controlled study and included with 2 cohort study, and 1 pilot study. These studies are mainly focused on the effects of ketogenic diet on endurance sport performers or athletes in terms of performance, endurance, body composition (weight and fat reduction, body mass), and strength. There were a total of 125 well-trained adults or athletes participated in all the studies which had adapted into ketogenic diet in the range of 2 weeks to 12 weeks. Most of the studies showed the participants had significant reduction in weight, fat and body mass. Some studies showed the strength, endurance and performance were maintained during exercise when adapted to KD. However, there are some studies showed decreases on exercise economy and performance when adapted to KD