Association Between Specific Nutrient Intake and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Tan, Vivien (2022) Association Between Specific Nutrient Intake and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

Blood flow to the brain may decline by 20% on average as time progresses. Maintaining a sufficient and balanced diet plays a vital role in cognitive performance. However, as age increases, appetite decreases. By 2035, Malaysia's population is expected to be aging. Malnutrition among the elderly is becoming more of a problem. Hence, the prevalence of malnutrition is rising along with the age. The role of macro (carbohydrates, protein, fat) and micronutrients (vitamin K, vitamin B12, vitamin D) in cognitive function is being studied in this review. This review utilized a methodology with five steps: (1) identifying research questions, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) eligible study selection, (4) charting data and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting results. Of the 100 titles and abstract screened, 15 articles were included. Most of the studies are cross-sectional studies with an analysis of positive association between nutrient intake and mild cognitive impairment. These studies show a consistent focus on the role of nutrients on cognitive performance such as depression, anxiety, memory, etc. The participants of the studies are older adults with an age of 55 years and above with non-cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment patients. To sum up, a greater and correct intake of macro and micro nutrients shown to be beneficial and improve cognitive function in older adults except for the saturated fatty acid consumption. Hence, more clinical study with a longer period of time and specific human population are needed