Ochratoxin A and Patulin Detection and Fungal Contamination in Durian Samples by HPLC-Based Method

Faun, Ke Er (2023) Ochratoxin A and Patulin Detection and Fungal Contamination in Durian Samples by HPLC-Based Method. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

A novel and rapid HPLC method were developed for the determination of patulin (PAT) and ochratoxin A (OTA). These two chemicals are toxic and could bring physiological effects to humans. PAT and OTA are mycotoxins which mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Qualitative and quantitative of these two chemicals and fungal species (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.) in durians for 5-week storage under 4℃were conducted. The PAT and OTA in durian samples were extracted by using 0.1M HCl in ultrapure water. The extracted durian samples were then subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with vortex solid-liquid microextraction. After vortexed and centrifuging the durian samples, the two chemicals were determined by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with Diode Array Detector (DAD). The wavelength set for this method was 210nm. The method was validated and good linearity, precision, and percentage of recovery were obtained. The proposed method was used to analyse three durian samples (Kampung Durian, D24, and Musang King) for 5 weeks of storage. Among the durian samples, Kampung Durian shows the highest concentration of PAT (2347.28 mg/kg) and OTA (29.16 mg/kg), in the second and third weeks of storage. The trend of PAT and OTA contents in each type of durian sample initially increased and gradually decreased at the end of the week. Fungal determination was used to check the presence of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. in durian samples for 5-week storage. The trend of fungal count in each type of durian sample for 5-week storage shows no distinct differences for the overall population of fungal growth, except for the Musang King sample in week 2 and the kampung durian sample in week 5. The bacteria growth in the durian sample may affect the growth of fungus. Keywords: Patulin, ochratoxin A, HPLC, fungal determination and count