In Vitro Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Extract from Mulberry (Morus Alba L.) Leaves, Stems and Fruits

Lee, Qing Yi (2023) In Vitro Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Extract from Mulberry (Morus Alba L.) Leaves, Stems and Fruits. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Morus alba is one of the most well-known medicinal plants in Indonesia and South East Asia countries, which is also often referred as “Daun ulat sutera” , “besaram” and “Mulberry” by the locals. This project aims to study and compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the 80% ethanol extract and aqueous extract of leaf, fruit, and stem of Morus alba via the Folin- Ciocalteu method to assess its total phenolic content (TPC), Aluminium Chloride method to assess total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH assay to determine radical scavenging properties, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity to determine anti-diabetic and lastly Disc Diffusion Test (DDT) to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Ethanolic extracts showed higher contents of both total phenolics and flavonoids than aqueous extracts. The total phenolic content was in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts, whereas the total flavonoids was: leaf extracts > stem extracts > fruit extracts. The inhibition of α-amylase activity in the aqueous and ethanolic extract was in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts. Using DPPH assays, the concentrations providing 50% inhibition (IC50) values of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems and fruits were 7.11±1.45 mg/ml, 86.781±3.21 mg/ml, and 14.38±2.83 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of ethanolic extracts were 3.11±0.86 mg/ml, 14.62±2.45 mg/ml and 12.42±2.76 mg/ ml, respectively. In sum, the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from M. alba L. were stronger than the aqueous extracts, and in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities. Keywords: Morus alba L., Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activity.