Extraction Yield and Antimicrobial of Banana (Musa) Peel, Calamansi Lime (Citrus X Microcarpa) Peel and Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Husk Extracted by Using Different Solvents

Wong, Xin Yi (2023) Extraction Yield and Antimicrobial of Banana (Musa) Peel, Calamansi Lime (Citrus X Microcarpa) Peel and Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Husk Extracted by Using Different Solvents. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Food wastage in Malaysia keeps rising such as the fruit peels wastage. Fruits might be discarded after harvesting due to undesirable appearance or damage during transportation. However, some fruit wastes are natural antibacterial agents that can be used as food preservatives. The peels of the fruits also contain bioactive compounds that benefit humans. The objectives of this research project were to study the antibacterial activity of the peels of banana (Musa), calamansi lime (Citrus × microcarpa), and Durian (Durio zibethinus) peel and evaluation of the efficiency of extraction using different extraction solvents. The antibacterial activity of the three fruit peels was assessed via the disc diffusion test (DDT) and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The solvent extraction method was used to extract the fruit peel’s compounds. From this study, the calamansi lime peel was more effective to inhibit both the gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) as a larger inhibition zone and lower MIC value were obtained followed by banana peel and durian husk. Under the evaluation of the efficiency of extraction using different solvents, distilled water (23.00±10.22%) was found to have the highest efficiency of extraction followed by methanol (20.75±8.20%) and ethanol (18.48±6.21%). There is a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) among all three samples. In short, the peels of banana, calamansi lime, and durian carried different levels of antibacterial activity and the distilled water was the highest efficiency of extraction solvent. Keywords: Antimicrobial; calamansi lime peel; banana peel; durian husk; extraction solvent; methanol; ethanol; distilled water