Differences in Self Efficacy and Processes of Change in Exercise Behavior Among Malaysian University Students in Klang Valley

Leong, Kye Yeet (2023) Differences in Self Efficacy and Processes of Change in Exercise Behavior Among Malaysian University Students in Klang Valley. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the exercise behavior which includes stages of change (Pre-Contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action and Maintenance stage), self-efficacy and processes of change of current university students in Klang Valley. In this study, all 10 processes of change were looked into for further investigation which are the Consciousness Raising, Dramatic Relief, Environment Reevaluation, Self-Reevaluation, Social Liberation, Self-Liberation, Helping Relationship, Counter Conditioning, Reinforcement Management and Stimulus Control. A total of 257 students (155 males and 102 female students) between the age of 18-25 years voluntarily participated in this study through stratified random sampling method involving university students located in Klang Valley. Each participant completed 5 sets of self-administered questionnaires which are the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ), Stages of Change Questionnaire, Self-efficacy Questionnaire and Processes of Change Questionnaire distributed through online platforms and face-to-face. All data collected were analysed using SPSS version 27. The findings of this study indicate that 77% of university student in Klang Valley are sufficiently active and that 42.4% of university students are currently in the Maintenance stage. Lastly, it is found that there is a significant positive relationship between the stages of change and self-efficacy. There is also a significant positive relationship between stages of change and both cognitive and behavioral processes of change. All the 10 processes of change are seen to be used increasingly more from preparation stage to maintenance stage.