A Study on the Implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Malaysia

Chuo, Effie Ziin Ziin (2024) A Study on the Implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Malaysia. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as introduced by Peter Calthorpe, is a holistic urban planning approach emphasizing mixed development within a 600-meter radius of rail stations, which, as highlighted by recent research, plays a critical role in reducing car dependency, addressing urban sprawl, alleviating traffic congestion and enhancing urban livability with efforts to measure and improve station-area walkability through the "TODness" concept. This research aims to comprehensively investigate the implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Malaysia by addressing three key research objectives: to determine the desirable requirements for TOD among Malaysian homebuyers, to examine the potential social, environmental, and economic impacts of TOD on individuals and society and to examine the expected challenges associated with TOD implementation in Malaysia. This research will mainly focus on Kuala Lumpur due to its well-developed public transportation infrastructure and will involve distributing Google Form-based questionnaires to residents aged 18 to 60 in Kuala Lumpur. Moreover, the collected questionnaire data will go through comprehensive analysis using methods such as descriptive statistics, Relative Importance Index (RII) and Cronbach's Alpha to assess reliability, with findings compared to prior research to highlight consistencies and discrepancies, ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of how this study aligns with existing knowledge in the field. It is important to highlight that this research study identifies limitations including demographic bias in respondent representation while also suggesting future research directions focused on mitigating gentrification and social inequality in TOD areas and developing comprehensive TOD frameworks for Malaysia. In conclusion, this research outlines the significance of TOD in addressing pressing urban challenges and further investigating into the implementation of TOD in Malaysia.