Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Aquilaria Malaccensis Leaves Extract and the Commercial Polyherbal Mix Multiex BSASM Towards Oral And Skin Pathogens

Chan, Zi Yin (2024) Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Aquilaria Malaccensis Leaves Extract and the Commercial Polyherbal Mix Multiex BSASM Towards Oral And Skin Pathogens. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

Text Chan Zi Yin_Full Text.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (125MB)

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens raised global concern about the effectiveness of medication and treatment in oral and skin diseases. The biofilm forming pathogens are the predominant factor, contributing to the oral and skin infection, due to bacteria that living in the presence of biofilm exhibit reducing susceptibility to antibiotics. Periodontal diseases are the most common disease worldwide that is caused by oral pathogens, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa correspondingly, leading to the increment of skin infections. Considering antibiotic treatment is ineffective against antibiotic resistant oral and skin pathogens, plant-based treatment is studied to be utilised as alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. The aim of this project was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract and the commercial polyherbal mix MultiEx BSASM towards oral and skin pathogens using broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. malaccensis leaves extract against P. gingivalis and K. pneumoniae obtained were 1.5 mg/mL and 3.7 mg/mL, respectively whereas MultiEx BSASM did not exhibit any antibacterial properties against the tested bacteria. Antibiofilm assays were conducted with concentrations of A. malaccensis leaves extract and MultiEx BSASM of 3.0 mg/mL to 5.0 mg/mL and 2% (v/v) to 6% (v/v), respectively. 5.0 mg/mL A. malaccensis leaves extract had significant biofilm inhibition in S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S.mutans whereas 6 % (v/v) MultiEx BSASM had significant biofilm inhibition in S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S.mutans. In addition, 5 mg/mL A. malaccensis leaves extract has significantly eradicated mature biofilm of, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S.mutans whereas 6% (v/v) MultiEx BSASM had significant mature biofilms eradication for K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The FTIR spectrum displayed the functional groups of phenolic groups and other phytochemicals in the A. malaccensis leaves extract. Further studies should be conducted on A. malaccensis leaves extract as both an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent whereas MultiEx BSASM has more potential as an antibiofilm agent than an antibacterial agent