Effects of 4-Weeks Chewing Gum on Psychophysiological Variables and Putting Performance among Female Golfers

Lau, Dania Sook Wan (2024) Effects of 4-Weeks Chewing Gum on Psychophysiological Variables and Putting Performance among Female Golfers. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-weeks chewing gum on psychophysiological variables and putting performance among female golfers. Forty-one female golfers participated in a true experimental randomised pre-test and post-test control group study. The golfers were divided into two groups: (1) Chewing Gum Group (CG) (n=20) and (2) Non Chewing Gum Group (NCG) (n=21). The CG had to go through an intervention of 4 weeks daily gum chewing, one pallet each day and chew for at least 10 minutes at a time. Whereas, the NCG group was restricted from chewing gum for 4 weeks. The parameters of anxiety level (CSAI-2 scores), heart rate and putting scores were taken. Results showed that there were no significant differences between CG and NCG for pre and post anxiety level (p=0.95, p=0.71), pre and post heart rate (p=0.46, p=0.88) and the pre putting score (p=0.97). However, for the post putting score, CG scored significantly higher than the NCG (P=0.00). The results showed that there was a decreasing trend of reduction in anxiety level and heart rate, and an increasing trend of improvement for putting scores in the CG. Therefore, the study concluded that chewing gum is effective in improving putting performance