Comparison of Isometric Handgrip and Wall Squat Exercise for Reduction of Stage 1 Hypertension in Females

Saw, Weng Onn (2024) Comparison of Isometric Handgrip and Wall Squat Exercise for Reduction of Stage 1 Hypertension in Females. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of isometric handgrip (HG) and wall squat (WS) exercises in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in females with stage 1 hypertension over a six-week duration. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included a sample of hypertensive females aged 30 years and above. Participants were randomly assigned to either the HG group or the WS group. Both groups underwent a six-week exercise training program, with blood pressure measurements taken pre- and post-intervention. The HG group performed handgrip exercises, while the WS group performed wall squat exercises. The study utilized the Omron HBP-1320 blood pressure monitor to ensure standardized measurements. Results: Significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed in both exercise groups post-intervention. The HG group showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure from 134.15 ± 3.21 mmHg to 127.23 ± 2.49 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 84.85 ± 2.48 mmHg to 81.54 ± 2.4 mmHg. The WS group exhibited a decrease in systolic blood pressure from 135.15 ± 3.51 mmHg to 128.38 ± 4.11 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 85.92 ± 2.5 mmHg to 82.85 ± 2.58 mmHg. No significant differences were found between the HG and WS groups in terms of blood pressure reduction. Conclusion: Both isometric handgrip and wall squat exercises were effective in significantly reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure among females with stage 1 hypertension. These findings suggest that both types of isometric exercises can be recommended as part of a non-pharmacological intervention to manage hypertension