Simultaneous Determination of Acrylamide, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Mycotoxins in Ancient Tea and Commercial Tea by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UHPLC-DAD)

Ng, Hong Quan (2025) Simultaneous Determination of Acrylamide, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Mycotoxins in Ancient Tea and Commercial Tea by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UHPLC-DAD). Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Camellia Sinensis (tea tree) leaves, bud and stem are processed with heat or enzymatic reaction for sensory and storage stability enhancement. These processes induce the toxic substances at the same time such as acrylamide (ACM), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), patulin (PAT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) via Maillard reaction or fungi contamination. ACM and HMF are formed due to high temperature treatment whereas PAT and OTA are considered as mycotoxins. The associated toxicity such as organotoxicity, carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity etc. lead to determination and quantification extremely significant. In this study, a novel and rapid UHPLC method was first time reported techniques for simultaneous determination of ACM, HMF, PAT and OTA coupled with acidified liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The optimization of the elution system, flow rate, column temperature and detection wavelength were carried out to obtain the optimum resolution and peak sharpness. The validation of the optimized method was carried out by an external standard method and analyzed triplicate to validate the parameters such as linearity, precision, percentage of recoveries and specificity. All of the validation parameters were under the acceptable criteria as a reflection of the practicable and reliable analytical method for identification and quantification of the toxic substances. The LOD of the analytes ranged from 0.0233 ng/mL to 0.2821 ng/mL whereas the LOQ ranged from 0.0705 ng/mL to 0.8547 ng/mL.