Optimization of Callus Induction of Oryza Sativa by Modulation of 2,4-D and Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Anti-Collagenase Activities of Oryza Sativa and Zingiber Offinicale Roscoe Calli

Cha, Jin Wen (2025) Optimization of Callus Induction of Oryza Sativa by Modulation of 2,4-D and Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Anti-Collagenase Activities of Oryza Sativa and Zingiber Offinicale Roscoe Calli. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) extracts (RE) are known to be a vital source of antioxidant and anti-aging compounds that enable it to be widely formulated into various skincare products. Rice calli are dedifferentiated cells that exhibit characteristics of meristematic cells suggesting that rice callus extract (RCE) can harbour bioactive components and can be used as an alternative to RE. Thus this project aims to optimise rice callus induction and explore the potential of RCE against skin ageing by examining its antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities. Rice seed explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 2.5 or 3 mg/L of 2,4-D. The highest callus induction rate and callus fresh weight were observed in the media supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D, 91.7% and 127.6 mg respectively. Calli growth was measured by fresh weight on 2 and 3 mg/L 2,4-D media, with no significant difference observed. Besides, the optimum medium for Centella asiatica callus induction was 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. DPPH scavenging activity in RCE was detected but lower than that of ginger callus extract (GCE), at 0.106% and 0.171 % per mg/mL extract, respectively. RCE and GCE showed a comparable total phenolic content (1.033 ± 0. 74 mg GAE/g of extract and 1.162 ± 0.74 mg GAE/g of extract respectively) but total flavonoid content of GCE (0.92 ± 0.03 mg QE/g of extract) was significantly higher than that of RCE (0.42 ± 0.10 mg GE/g of extract). Anti-collagenase activity of RCE (34.50 ± 1.90 %) are higher than GCE (23.66 ± 1.68 %) at 245 mg/mL of concentration, indicating the potential of RCE in preserving skin health.