Synthesis and Characterization of Mango Seed Kernel Starch-Bioplastic with Plasticizer and Filler

Hang, Sheng Yen (2025) Synthesis and Characterization of Mango Seed Kernel Starch-Bioplastic with Plasticizer and Filler. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Bioplastics are materials made from natural resources and can be classified as fully or partially degradable plastics, depending on the additives and renewable resources utilized in their production. This project aimed to extract starch from mango seed kernels and synthesize starch-based bioplastic film. The effects of incorporating different compositions of plasticizers and fillers in mango seed kernel starch bioplastics on mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorptivity and biodegradability were investigated. A control film was initially prepared using mango seed kernel starch and 30% glycerol. Acetic acid and citric acid were then added at varying concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) as plasticizers, and their effects were compared. After identifying the optimum acetic acid concentration, eggshell powder and chitosan were added as fillers at 5% and 10%, respectively. All bioplastic films were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, water absorption test, DSC, TGA, tensile testing and biodegradability tests. Results showed increasing the composition of acetic acid enhanced the tensile strength, thermal properties but reduced the percentage of elongation at break, water absorptivity, and biodegradability of the bioplastic film. The addition of chitosan improved the tensile strength but reduced the percentage of elongation and water absorption, as well as the biodegradability of the bioplastic film. In contrast, eggshell powder also increased the tensile strength, water absorption and biodegradability but decreased the percentage of elongation. Overall, the bioplastic film with chitosan exhibited better mechanical properties compared to those added with eggshell powder.