Automated Firefighting Robot

Tan, Gabriel Yung Keat (2026) Automated Firefighting Robot. Final Year Project (Diploma), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a small-scale prototype of an autonomous firefighting robot. The system integrates an Arduino UNO with an ESP32 module to enable both autonomous operation and manual IoT-based control. Infrared flame sensors were used to detect fire sources, while a submersible water pump and a servo-mounted nozzle provided the extinguishing mechanism. The prototype was evaluated through a series of experiments, which showed that flame detection performance varied according to flame size, with successful detection of medium flames at short distances and reduced accuracy for small flames. The extinguishing success rate was approximately 30%, limited by sensor range, relay response delays, and spray coverage. Although the system demonstrated certain limitations such as susceptibility to sunlight interference and a tendency to approach flames too closely, it successfully proved the feasibility of developing a low-cost firefighting robot under a RM1000 budget. Overall, the results indicate that the proposed design is technically viable and economically achievable, while future improvements in sensing, navigation, and extinguishing mechanisms will further enhance its reliability for realworld applications