Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Effect, and Stability of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Extract in a Topical Gel Formulation

Carlos, Evelyn Samantha (2026) Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Effect, and Stability of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Extract in a Topical Gel Formulation. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Inflammation is a fundamental biological response of the body to local injury. In response to a pathogen, the immune system activates inflammatory responses to fight it off. This study investigated the stability, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity of a topical gel formulated using C. morifolium extract. The extract was obtained via an aqueous method, yielding a yellow-brown crude powder (yield 15.05%). The extract was incorporated into a gel base at various concentrations (1%–20%) and adjusted to a pH of 5.0–7.0. Physical stability was monitored over 8 weeks across four temperature conditions (5°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C). The MTT assay confirmed high biocompatibility, with concentrations of 10%–20% maintaining around 100% cell viability, ensuring that anti-inflammatory observations were not due to non-specific cytotoxicity. Statistical analysis via One-Way ANOVA indicated significant treatment effects on inflammatory markers. Griess assays revealed a massive reduction in nitrite production across all treatment groups (p<0.05), with the 5% concentration demonstrating the highest inhibitory efficacy. Similarly, ROS assay showed that the extract successfully suppressed ROS levels below 300,000 units compared to nearly 600,000 in the negative control. Repeated Measures ANOVA confirmed a significant interaction between time and concentration (F(20,50)=13.6, p<0.001), with a divergence in ROS accumulation appearing after 30 minutes. Stability testing revealed consistent pH and physical integrity at 5°C and 40°C; however, mold growth at 25°C and 30°C highlighted the necessity for refrigeration or a robust preservative system. These results suggest that while C. morifolium is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, the inclusion of a synthetic preservative system is essential for a stable commercial topical formulation.