Development of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Pectin-Based Film Incorporated with Parkia speciosa Pod Extract for Shelf-Life Extension of Perishable Food

Fan, Shun Chen (2026) Development of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Pectin-Based Film Incorporated with Parkia speciosa Pod Extract for Shelf-Life Extension of Perishable Food. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

This study aimed to develop a sustainable antimicrobial packaging film by incorporating Parkia speciosa (petai) pod extract (PSPE) into a pectin matrix. The antimicrobial efficacy of PSPE was first evaluated against Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus . Results from disc diffusion assays revealed significant inhibition zones for Bacillus spp. (7.93–9.24 mm) and S. aureus (9.04–11.83 mm). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) analysis indicated effective inhibition at 31.25 mg/mL for Bacillus spp., 62.5 mg/mL for Salmonella spp. and 125 mg/mL for Escherichia coli , while S. aureus growth was completely inhibited across all tested concentrations. Pectin-based films were formulated with varying PSPE concentrations (0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%). Incorporation of the extract enhanced biodegradability (up to 17.85%) and reduced water solubility, while thickness and moisture barrier properties remained relatively stable. However, a significant decrease in tensile strength was observed at higher concentrations, indicating that the extract interferes with the pectin polymer network and weakens the mechanical integrity of the film. Application studies on tofu demonstrated that 4% and 5% PSPE films effectively stabilized pH and suppressed microbial growth (TPC) during the initial storage phase. Overall, while antimicrobial efficacy increased with extract concentration, 4% PSPE film was identified as the optimal formulation, providing a superior balance between microbial suppression, color stability, and mechanical integrity. Consequently, further research is required to determine the maximum shelf-life extension. In conclusion, PSPE-pectin films show high potential as active packaging; however, future work should focus on optimizing mechanical strength and conducting sensory evaluations to ensure consumer acceptability for commercial use.