Finite Element Analysis of Mandible Fracture Treatment Fixation Plates (Open Reduction Fixation)

Tan, Peng Sheng (2020) Finite Element Analysis of Mandible Fracture Treatment Fixation Plates (Open Reduction Fixation). Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University College.

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Abstract

People nowadays face the problem of break through the mandibular bone,where patients will have the difficulty in mouth opening motion. The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face. It forms the lower jaw and hold the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skill. The mandible can be split into many position, body, ramus, coronoid process, condylar process, angle, symphysis and alveolar process. Normally, patients will no feeling good to his teeth because their teeth cannot aligned normally. If the cases of patients are more serious, they will have the mandibular fracture due to some diseases such as cancer, trauma or congential malformation. Patients need some equipment or tools to support them to eat, drink, talk and others. The equipment is internal fixation plates and screws. These equipment will help patients to support any load continuity. And it will solve the problem of mastication in daily life. There are a lot of patients can be healed without medical help or surgery, but some of patients are need to have surgery. Therefore, the equipment of internal fixation play the important roles. This is because of bone fractured, it don’t have its structural continuity which makes it no able to support any load. Patients will have the problem about mastication in daily life. There are many position on mandibular bone. For examples, body, condylar process and angle. These positions are patients mainly injured on mandibular bone. And there are many designs have been found out by some professors. The objectives of this project is to design affordable and low cost internal fixation tools on many position of mandibular bone which is same or better performance compared to other designs. Simulation software will be carried to know the quality of the design of internal fixation tools. Finite element method will be applied in simulation test. Reversed engineering technology, FEA simulation and 3D modelling have been carried out in this thesis. In thesis, the poly-L-lactic acid, PLLA material has been tested and simulated, the stress on the bone and plated have been reduced. The highest load reduction is 2456.73 N load reduced and the lowest load reduction 570.20 N load reduction by using PLLA as plate material. The material cost of PLLA is cheaper than titanium alloy. By using PLLA, it can reduced the stress on mandibular bone and plate, can save the material cost and have higher production rate. All of the designs is acceptable and factor of safety is within acceptable range. Only the twin-fork plate is failed in certain position because of it is not suitable at the position. Based on cost calculation section, it is obviously to know the PLLA material can saved a lot of material cost, up to 98.84%. Besides that, the material processing cost of metal and plastic is totally different, the metal processing will having a very high expenses compared to plastic. As conclusion, PLLA material having better characteristic as internal fixation plate compared to titanium alloy. PLLA material is low cost, reduce the stress on bone that make patient feel less pain, the factor of safety of PLLA plates are acceptable.