Two-Step Sintering and Mechanical Testing of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Chicken Bone Biowaste

Kham, Kai Wen (2023) Two-Step Sintering and Mechanical Testing of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Chicken Bone Biowaste. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

The danger of synthetic hydroxyapatite being costly, complicated, and time-consuming is significant, and it also results in hydroxyapatite with poor biological activity and a deficiency in trace elements. Due to the presence of trace elements that enhance hydroxyapatite’s effectiveness, natural hydroxyapatite has become a preferred technique to get high-performance hydroxyapatite powder. However, only a small number of research have concentrated on the easy and affordable synthesis of hydroxyapatite from natural sources to create hydroxyapatite with qualities similar to those of synthetic hydroxyapatite. In order to examine the effects of various sintering procedures on the hydroxyapatite, this study studies the mechanical properties of natural hydroxyapatite generated from chicken bones using the conventional sintering method and two-step sintering method. Analysis such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were carried out to observe the chemical composition and morphology of hydroxyapatite derived from chicken bones. Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and bulk density measurement conducted to obtain the mechanical propertires of samples. This would help in determining the most effective way to create hydroxyapatite with the optimal qualities to satisfy the needs of tissue engineering applications.