Synthesis and Sintering Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bovine Bone Waste

Chiah, Yu Shean (2024) Synthesis and Sintering Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bovine Bone Waste. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) with chemical formula of is widely used in biomedical application such as orthopaedic, dental material, bone tissue engineering scaffolds, as well as coating material for metallic implants due to their unique properties such as remarkable biocompatibility, non-toxicity, osseointegration, and osteoconductivity. In this study, HA derived from bovine bone waste are synthesized through calcination at 900°C and 1000°C, followed by 0, 2 and 4 ball milling duration. The HA powder was characterized using (FTIR) and it indicates that there are presence of pure HA phase without the secondary phases such as tetracalcium phosphate. The HA powder was uniaxially pressed at 1000 psi into pellet form using a 20 mm cylindrical dies. The pellet HA was then further sintered at temperature ranging from 1200, 1250, 1300 and 1350°C at a ramp rate of 10°C/min and dwell time of 2 hours. The sintered HA were characterized using XRD and EDX analysis, as well as SEM micrography for observing the microstructure and the grain size of the sintered HA sample. The sintered HA were analyzed using Archimedes principle for relative density measurement and vickers microhardness for hardness and fracture toughness measurement. The three main intensity peaks of HA increases when the ball milling duration increases. The ball milling in longer duration lead to the reduction of grain sizes. On other hand, sintering at elevated temperature will lead to grain growth due to the the enlargement of the necks growing between the particles. The optimum parameter in current study is HA samples calcined at 1000°C, followed by 4 ball milling hour sintered at 1250°C due to it yield the highest relative density of 88.79%, hardness value of 3.31 GPa and fracture toughness of 1.28