Effect of Doping Calcium Oxide Extracted from Eggshell on Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bovine Bone Food Waste

Koit, Weng Hin (2024) Effect of Doping Calcium Oxide Extracted from Eggshell on Hydroxyapatite Derived from Bovine Bone Food Waste. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

In the realm of bioceramics, Hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has emerged as a prominent and extensively employed biomaterial in the field of biomedicine. This popularity is attributed to its exceptional properties, including remarkable biocompatibility with human tissues, affinity for bone tissue, and seamless integration into living organisms. The influences of different concentrations of calcium oxide (CaO) at 1, 5, and 10 wt% on the densification behavior and mechanical properties of HA derived from discarded bovine bone food waste were studied using conventional pressureless sintering (CPS) technique. The CPS was conducted at temperatures between 1200 ℃ and 1350 ℃, with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and holding time of 2 h. It was found that adding 1 wt% of CaO into HA, followed by sintering at 1250 ℃, resulted in achieving a maximum relative density of 94.29%, along with a Vickers hardness of approximately 4.3 GPa and a fracture toughness of 1.41 MPam1/2, while also displaying a consistently uniform microstructure with a fine grain size of 2.98