The Study of the Impact of LED Lights on the Morphological Characteristics of Plants

Kiek, Garrick Tao Wei (2025) The Study of the Impact of LED Lights on the Morphological Characteristics of Plants. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of different LED light spectra on the morphological characteristics of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa) under controlled environmental conditions. Three lighting treatments were evaluated: full-spectrum LED, a combination of red and blue LED, and a combination of red and full-spectrum LED. The research focused on key morphological parameters including leaf area, plant length, and wet biomass to determine the optimal spectral composition for enhanced growth in Vertical Farming Systems (VFS). All treatments were applied with a fixed light exposure duration, while light intensity was not manually controlled. However, variations in Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Daily Light Integral (DLI) were measured across treatments to enable analysis of their effects. Data were collected manually and statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test to identify significant differences between these treatments. The results demonstrated that full-spectrum lighting led to significantly larger leaf areas and greater biomass accumulation compared to the other combinations, while red + full-spectrum outperformed red + blue in all measured parameters. These findings highlight the critical role of spectral composition and light intensity in influencing plant development and provide actionable insights for optimising Bok Choy cultivation in vertical farming environments. The study contributes valuable empirical data to the growing field of controlled-environment agriculture and offers a practical foundation for future LED-based crop optimisation.