Regenerative Braking Efficiency Modeling and Analysis for Battery Electric Vehicles in Urban Malaysia

Ling, Alvin Jin Hui (2026) Regenerative Braking Efficiency Modeling and Analysis for Battery Electric Vehicles in Urban Malaysia. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

The rapid adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) presents a promising pathway toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, particularly in urban transportation. Regenerative braking plays a vital role in enhancing the energy efficiency of BEVs by recovering kinetic energy during deceleration and storing it for subsequent vehicle propulsion. However, the effectiveness of regenerative braking is highly dependent on driving conditions, traffic flow, and road characteristics, which vary significantly across different regions. This study focuses on the modeling and analysis of regenerative braking efficiency for BEVs operating in urban Malaysia. A representative Malaysian urban driving cycle was developed based on real-world speed and acceleration data to simulate typical traffic conditions, including frequent stop-and-go scenarios. A dynamic vehicle model was constructed using MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the performance of the regenerative braking system under various braking strategies. Key performance metrics, such as energy recovery potential, brake force distribution, and state of charge (SoC) variation, were examined. The results demonstrate that optimal regenerative braking strategies can significantly improve overall energy efficiency, with energy recovery potential varying according to traffic congestion levels and vehicle speed profiles. Findings from this research provide valuable insights for BEV manufacturers, policymakers, and urban planners to enhance the design of electric vehicle braking systems and promote sustainable urban mobility in Malaysia