Automatic Seed Sowing and Soil Covering Machine

Ng, Benjamin Phak Hung (2026) Automatic Seed Sowing and Soil Covering Machine. Final Year Project (Diploma), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Seed sowing is essential in agriculture but is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and often inconsistent. This project proposes an agribot - Automatic Seed Sowing and Soil Covering Machine - to improve affordability, efficiency, and safety. A literature review of existing technologies from references informed the design of an effective automated system. Based on these findings, three conceptual designs were developed and evaluated using a Pugh matrix, considering factors such as cost, manufacturability, safety, and sustainability. The mechanisms consist of wheels, battery, microcontroller, seed hopper, chassis, motors, seed sowing and soil covering mechanism. The most suitable design was modelled in SolidWorks as the final concept. The discussions highlight the proposed design which can improve seed spacing accuracy, reduce manual work, and minimise seed waste while maintaining cost-effectiveness. The prototype was successfully fabricated using components ESP32, DC motors, a seed metering mechanism for dispensing and a servo motor digger. This assembly includes an IoT function to control the machine through steering, speed adjustment, tool management and an autonomous timed navigation mode. Tests were carried out and are successful in showing that the machine can run without problems. Tests include Bluetooth distance connection availability and reliability to speed of motor during operation