Preliminary Study of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Hanguana Malayana Extract

Chan, Henry Han Yu (2026) Preliminary Study of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Hanguana Malayana Extract. Final Year Project (Bachelor), Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology.

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major global health challenge characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Despite its use for inflammatory and metabolic disorders, the Southeast Asian aquatic plant Hanguana malayana has not been scientifically validated for these pharmacological activities. This project aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of the leaf extract by using both maceration and Soxhlet extraction. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay with ascorbic acid as positive control, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by Bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay with diclofenac sodium as standard and anti-diabetic potential was measured through α-amylase inhibition assay compared to acarbose. The results were tabulated using one-way ANOVA with confidence interval of 95% with IBM Statistic. Results demonstrated that macerated extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 480.8 μg/mL) compared to Soxhlet extracts (IC₅₀ = 630.3 μg/mL) though both were slightly less potent than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 447.1 μg/mL). Anti-inflammatory activity was moderate with maceration (IC₅₀ = 1113.8 μg/mL) and Soxhlet (IC₅₀ = 1141.6 μg/mL) extracts showing weaker inhibition compared to diclofenac sodium (IC₅₀ = 17.14 μg/mL). In α-amylase inhibition assays, Soxhlet extracts performed better (IC₅₀ = 429.5 μg/mL) than maceration (IC₅₀ = 576.1 μg/mL) though both were less effective than acarbose (IC₅₀ = 40.65 μg/mL). In the end of data interpretation shown, the result showed that the maceration extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity while Soxhlet extract indicated better anti-diabetic potential with both methods showing moderate anti-inflammatory effects. The extracts demonstrated less potent than the positive controls on a per-mass basis with the activities suggested the therapeutic potential. In conclusion, these findings provided preliminary validation for the traditional use of H. malayana has anti-diabetic activity for further study. The maceration method was effective in conserving thermolabile antioxidant while Soxhlet enhanced enzyme inhibitory effects.